THE DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL AND TRADE LAW IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY ERA: COMPETITION REGULATION, CONSUMER PROTECTION, AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL INDUSTRY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19583872Keywords:
digital economy law, competition, consumer protection, Making Indonesia 4.0, industrial transformation, KPPU, Job Creation Law, digital divide, platform economy, Industry 4.0Abstract
The digital economy has transformed the legal landscape of industry and trade in Indonesia, necessitating the adaptation of competition law, consumer protection regulations, and the transformation of national industries. This study analyses two key aspects: firstly, the effectiveness of Law No. 5 of 1999 on Competition and Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection in addressing the dominance of digital platforms, predatory pricing, and the risk of data breaches; second, the role of Making Indonesia 4.0, the Job Creation Law, and the Government’s Digital Master Plan 2025–2045 as catalysts for the transformation of manufacturing towards Industry 4.0. Using a legal-normative literature review approach, it was found that the KPPU is actively addressing digital monopolies (the Google Play Billing System case), but regulatory revisions are required regarding algorithmic discrimination and the gig economy. Industrial transformation faces the digital divide and the need for harmonisation with the ASEAN Digital Economy Framework. The conclusion emphasises the need for holistic economic legislation that balances innovation, healthy competition, and inclusivity towards Indonesia Emas 2045.
Downloads
References
Abyan, N. (2025). Transition towards a Green Economy in Sustainable Growth: An Analysis of Regulation and Practice in Indonesia. Clean and Sustainability Business, 1(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.70764/gdpu-csb.2025.1(1)-02
Berg, T., Fuster, A., & Puri, M. (2022). FinTech Lending. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 14(Volume 14, 2022), 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-101521-112042
Eliyah, E., & Aslan, A. (2025). STAKE’S EVALUATION MODEL: METODE PENELITIAN. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia, 3(2), Article 2.
Erdem, T., & Swait, J. (2016). The Information-Economics Perspective on Brand Equity. Foundations and Trends in Marketing, 10(1), 1–59. https://doi.org/10.1561/1700000041
Fang, X., & Liu, M. (2024). How does the digital transformation drive digital technology innovation of enterprises? Evidence from enterprise’s digital patents. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 204, 123428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123428
Gladden, M., & Atalim, S. (2020). Authority of Asosiasi Fintech Pendanaan Bersama Indonesia (AFPI) in Determining the Amount of Loan Interest Rates Limit in Peer to Peer Lending (P2P Lending) Business Activities. 742–747. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.117
Gomes, S., Lopes, J. M., & Ferreira, L. (2022). The impact of the digital economy on economic growth: The case of OECD countries. RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 23, eRAMD220029. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eRAMD220029.en
Hardiyansyah, T., Djaja, B., & Sudirman, M. (2024). Transforming Inheritance Law in the Digital Era: Challenges, Opportunities, and Adaptive Strategies for Indonesia. Jurnal Al-Hakim: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, Studi Syariah, Hukum Dan Filantropi, 243–252. https://doi.org/10.22515/jurnalalhakim.v6i2.10174
Hiebl, M. R. W. (2023). Sample Selection in Systematic Literature Reviews of Management Research. Organizational Research Methods, 26(2), 229–261. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428120986851
Kholis, N. (2024). Urgensi Penegakan Hukum Dan Penguatan Peran Pengawasan KPPU Di Era Industri Digital. Cendekia Niaga, 8(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.52391/jcn.v8i1.899
Law, A., De Lacy, T., Lipman, G., & Jiang, M. (2016). Transitioning to a green economy: The case of tourism in Bali, Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production, Special Volume: Sustainable Tourism: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities, 111, 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.070
Meidyasari, S. (2024). The Impact of Digital Economy in Driving Economic Growth and Development in Indonesia. Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY), 3(11), 777–783. https://doi.org/10.58631/injurity.v3i11.1306
Mulyati, D. (2025). IMPLEMENTING CONSUMER PROTECTION LAW IN DIGITAL ECONOMY: LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF E-COMMERCE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDERS. International Journal of Economics, Education, Law and Social Sciences (IJEELSC), 1(2), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.61990/qjzhjm51
Prasetyo, H. L., Ahmad, S., & Lutfi, A. (2024). Pengawasan KPPU Pada Pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah Dalam Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat di Era Digital. Binamulia Hukum, 13(1), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.37893/jbh.v13i1.646
Puschmann, T. (2017). Fintech. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 59(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0464-6
Ramello, G. B. (2006). WHAT’S IN A SIGN ? TRADEMARK LAW AND ECONOMIC THEORY. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2006.00255.x
Romer, P. (2002). When Should We Use Intellectual Property Rights? American Economic Review, 92(2), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802320189276
Santoso, V. A. (2021). Legal Protection on E-Commerce Transactions: Problems and Challenges in Global Business. Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review, 1(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v1i2.50552
Sengge, A., Sudirman, & Umar, W. (2024). PENGAWASAN DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM E-COMMERCE OLEH KPPU DALAM MENGATASI PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 5(4). https://ojs.rewangrencang.com/index.php/JHLG/article/view/604
Suryati, S., Disurya, R., & Sardana, L. (2021). Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Omnibus Law Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. Simbur Cahaya, 97–111. https://doi.org/10.28946/sc.v28i2.902
Weiner, E. E. (2012). Price and Privilege. Los Angeles Lawyer. https://linzerlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/LA-Lawyer-Price-and-Privilege.pdf
Widyawati, A. M. J., Legowo, M. I., & Purnomo, H. (2025). The Validity of Electronic Agreements in the Perspective of Indonesian Civil Law. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 7(2), 749~753-749~753. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v7i2.7218
Wijaya, H. T. (2003). Konsep Hak Ekonomi dan Hak Moral Pencipta Menurut Sistem Civil Law dan Common Law. Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM, 10(23), 153–168. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol10.iss23.art8
Winn, J. K., & Wright, B. (2000). The Law of Electronic Commerce. Wolters Kluwer.
Xiaying, M. (2019). The Legal Attributes of Electronic Data and the Positioning of Data in Civil Law*. Social Sciences in China, 40(1), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2018.1519208
Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan. (2020). UU No. 11 Tahun 2020 (UU Cipta Kerja).
Bappenas. (2026, February 26). Peluncuran Rencana Induk Pemerintah Digital 2025-2045. Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. (2025, July 17). Menata pajak era digital: PMK 37/2025 dalam bingkai pembangunan hukum.
Kemenkumham Jakarta. (2025, June 16). Wamenkum sebut transformasi digital di bidang hukum kian mendesak.
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian. (2026, February 23). Pemerintah luncurkan Making Indonesia 4.0.
Kementerian Perindustrian. (2020, October 14). Sejalan misi UU Cipta Kerja, Kemenperin luncurkan Startup4industry.
