THE EFFECT OF CREDIT RISK AND LIQUIDITY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE WITH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A MODERATING VARIABLES
Keywords:
Financial Performance, Credit Risk, Liquidity, Corporate Social ResponsibilityAbstract
The financial performance of banking institutions is influenced by their ability to optimally manage credit risk and liquidity. This study aims to examine the effect of credit risk and liquidity on financial performance, with corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a moderating variable. The population of this research consists of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2021–2023 period, with a total of 93 observations. Financial performance is measured by Return on Assets (ROA), credit risk is measured by Non-Performing Loans (NPL), liquidity is measured by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and corporate social responsibility is measured using the Corporate Social Responsibility Index (CSRI). This study adopts a quantitative approach using moderated regression analysis. The results show that credit risk has a negative and significant effect on financial performance, while liquidity has a positive and significant effect. Furthermore, CSR does not significantly moderate the relationship between credit risk and financial performance, but it is proven to weaken the effect of liquidity on financial performance in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Downloads
References
Airout, R. M., Alawaqleh, Q. A., Almasria, N. A., Alduais, F., & Alawaqleh, S. Q. (2023). The Moderating Role of Liquidity in the Relationship between the Expenditures and Financial Performance of SMEs: Evidence from Jordan. Economies, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11040121
Annisak Mochtaro Latifah, M. Nazori Majid, & Ferri Saputra Tanjung. (2023). Pengaruh Likuiditas Dan Solvabilitas Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pada Bank Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2021. Jurnal Mutiara Ilmu Akuntansi, 1(2), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.55606/jumia.v1i2.1261
Aprianti, K. V., Ni Putu Yuria Mendra, & Bhegawati, D. A. S. A. (2021). Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal, Likuiditas Dan Efisiensi Operasional Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Di Kota Denpasar 2015-2018. JURNAL KARMA (Karya Riset Mahasiswa Akuntansi ), 1(5), 1789-.
Apridawati, N. D., & Hermanto, S. B. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Profitabilitas, Leverage Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 9(11), 1–23.
Assa, V., & Loindong, S. S. R. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Risiko Kredit, Kecukupan Modal Dan Likuiditas Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pada Bank Bumn Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Bei). Jurnal EMBA : Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 11(4), 1048–1057. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v11i4.51747
Ateeq, A., Alqemzi, M., Azah, N., Aziz, A., Yahaya, S. N., & Husseini, S. A. (2021). Liquidity Factors and Liquidity Risk Management for Financial Performance Improvement in the UAE Islamic Banking System. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2022(3), 4628–4635. http://journalppw.com
Awaysheh, A., Heron, R. A., Perry, T., & Wilson, J. I. (2020). On the relation between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 41(6), 965–987. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3122
Azri, H. M., & Sumiati, S. (2023). Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan pada Sebelum, Saat, dan Sesudah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Management Risiko Dan Keuangan, 2(2), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.21776/jmrk.2023.02.2.03
Bahari, S., Sarita, B., Patwayati, & Yusuf. (2022). The Effect Of Credit Risk Management On The Financial Performance Of Foreign Exchange Banks. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 2022(6), 4036–4051. http://journalppw.com
Christiawan, S. F., & Andayani. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas, Dan Likuiditas Terhadap Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility Andayani Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia (STIESIA) Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 12(2), 1–16.
Damayanthi, I. G. A. E., Wiagustini, N. L. P., Suartana, I. W., & Rahyuda, H. (2022). Loan restructuring as a banking solution in the COVID-19 pandemic: Based on contingency theory. Banks and Bank Systems, 17(1), 196–206. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(1).2022.17
Dela Mariana, G. S. M. (2020). Jurnal Humaniora. Humaniora, 4(2), 244–255.
Desiko, N. (2020). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit, Risiko Pasar Dan Risiko Likuiditas Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan (Studi pada Bank Umum Konvensional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2018). Journal Competency of Business, 4(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.47200/jcob.v4i1.676
Eltweri, A., Sawan, N., Al-Hajaya, K., & Badri, Z. (2024). The Influence of Liquidity Risk on Financial Performance: A Study of the UK’s Largest Commercial Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(12), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17120580
Erawati, C., & Teguh, J. (2020). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit, Likuiditas, Profitabilitas Pada Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di BEI. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 15(1), 51.
Feng, Y., Akram, R., Hieu, V. M., & Tien, N. H. (2022). The impact of corporate social responsibility on the sustainable financial performance of Italian firms: mediating role of firm reputation. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 35(1), 4740–4758. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2021.2017318
Freeman, I., & Hasnaoui, A. (2011). The Meaning of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Vision of Four Nations. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(3), 419–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0688-6
Galih, firnas D., Susanto, B., & Farida. (2022). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility dan Likuiditas terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan yang Memperoleh Suistainability Reporting Award (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di ASRRAT dan SRA Tahun 2015-2020). Business and Economics Conference in Utilization of Modern Technology, 885–905. https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/conference/article/view/7501
Heryani, P., Syaiful, Darman, & Yoda, T. C. (2022). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit, Risiko Likuiditas, Dan Risiko Operasional Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Umum Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode (2016-2020). Seminar Inovasi Manajemen Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (SIMBA), 4(September), 1–23.
Hidayati, N., Indrianasari, N. T., & Yatminiwati, M. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility, Liquidity and Leverage Influence on Financial Performance. Assets : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Akuntansi, Keuangan Dan Pajak, 5(1), 30. http://ejournal.stiewidyagamalumajang.ac.id/index.php/asset
Jayanti, P. K., & Panji Sedana, I. B. (2023). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit, Likuiditas Dan Permodalan Terhadap Kinerja Perbankan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 12(08), 1645. https://doi.org/10.24843/eeb.2023.v12.i08.p17
Kurniawan, D., & Samhaji. (2020). Pengaruh Leverage, Likuiditas, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Emiten Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen, 16(2), 62–75.
Kwashie, A. A., Baidoo, S. T., & Ayesu, E. K. (2022). Investigating the impact of credit risk on financial performance of commercial banks in Ghana. Cogent Economics and Finance, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2109281
Mahmudah, R., & Suprihhadi, H. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Kecukupan Modal dan Aset Produktif Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2016-2020. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Manajemen, 11(9), 5–7.
Martini, M. (2022). Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Di Indonesia. Sebatik, 26(1), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.46984/sebatik.v26i1.1915
Mennawi, A. N. A. (2020). The Impact of Liquidity, Credit, Financial Leverage Risks on Financial Performance of Islamic Banks: The Case of Sudanese Banking Sector. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 8(2), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.33094/8.2017.2020.82.73.83
Misutari, N. M. S., Ariyanto, D., Cahyani Prastuti, M., & Budiasih, I. G. A. N. (2021). Good Corporate Governance Memoderasi Pengaruh Corporate Sosial Responsibility dan Penerapan Green Accounting terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 27(12), 1365. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i12.p03
Mus, Y., Siti, N., & Endang, M. (2020). Determinan Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2013-2018. Jurnal RAK (Riset Akuntansi Keuangan), 5(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.31002/rak.v5i1.2718
Ningsih, A. M., Hardiwinoto, H., Ridwan, M., & Putri, A. P. r. . (2023). Analisis Rasio Likuditas, Solvabilitas, Aktivitas Dan Profitabilitas Untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Food And Beverage Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2021. Kompartemen : Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 21(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.30595/kompartemen.v21i1.15829
Ningsih, S. D., & Ilhami, S. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal (CAR) dan Likuiditas (LDR) terhadap Kinerja Keuangan (ROA) Keuangan Bank Swasta Nasional Tahun 2014-2018 (Studi pada Bei Bank Swasta Nasional). JAMIN : Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen Dan Inovasi Bisnis, 5(2), 190. https://doi.org/10.47201/jamin.v5i2.142
Okafor, A., Adusei, M., & Adeleye, B. N. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Evidence from U.S tech firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126078
Ramzan, M., Amin, M., & Abbas, M. (2021). How does corporate social responsibility affect financial performance, financial stability, and financial inclusion in the banking sector? Evidence from Pakistan. Research in International Business and Finance, 55(January 2019), 101314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2020.101314
Sahabuddin, R., Anwar, & Rahman, D. A. (2022). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit dan Efisiensi Operasional terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar The Effect of Credit Risk and Operational Efficiency on Financial Performance at PT. Bank Sulselbar. Accounting, Accountability and Organization System (AAOS) Journal E-ISSN, 3(2), 111–123. https://journal.unifa.ac.id/index.php/aaos_
Sahyouni, A., & Wang, M. (2019). Liquidity creation and bank performance: evidence from MENA. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-01-2018-0009
Saleh, I., & Abu Afifa, M. (2020). The effect of credit risk, liquidity risk and bank capital on bank profitability: Evidence from an emerging market. Cogent Economics and Finance, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1814509
Saputri, M., & Isbanah, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Corporate Sosial Responsibility terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Kinerja Keuangan sebagai Variabel Mediasi pada Perusahaan Misscellaneous Industry di BEI Periode 2016-2019. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 9(2), 651. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v9n2.p651-669
Sarmadi, A., & Widana, I. O. (2024). Analisis Determinan Kinerja Keuangan Pada Lima Asset Perbankan Syariah Periode Tahun 2019-2022. Owner, 8(1), 723–736. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i1.1865
Setiyowati, S. W., & Mardiana, M. (2020). Hubungan Intellectual Capital, Corporate Social Responsibilty Dan Corporate Governance Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. El Dinar, 8(2), 87–99. https://doi.org/10.18860/ed.v8i2.9188
Siddique, A., Khan, M. A., & Khan, Z. (2022). The effect of credit risk management and bank-specific factors on the financial performance of the South Asian commercial banks. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 7(2), 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-08-2020-0071
Silitonga, R. N., & Manda, G. S. (2022). Pengaruh Risiko Kredit dan Risiko Likuiditas terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Bank BUMN Periode 2015-2020. Jurnal Maksipreneur: Manajemen, Koperasi, Dan Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.30588/jmp.v12i1.948
Siueia, T. T., Wang, J., & Deladem, T. G. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and financial performance: A comparative study in the Sub-Saharan Africa banking sector. Journal of Cleaner Production, 226, 658–668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.027
Thaibah, & Faisal. (2020). Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal, Ukuran Bank, Biaya Operasional Dan Likuiditas Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Manajemen, 4(2), 294–309. http:jim.unsyiah.ac.id/ekm
Veronika, E., & Lestari, H. S. (2022). Risiko Kredit dan Likuiditas terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisinis Dan Inovasi, 9(3), 1306–1323.
Wardhani, P. (2021). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Csr, Leverage, Likuiditas Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Jurnal Manajemen Dayasaing, 23(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.23917/dayasaing.v23i1.10930
Warisi, D., & Kurniawan, R. (2024). Pengaruh Rasio Likuiditas, Solvabilitas, dan Efisiensi terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan Konvensional Periode 2019-2022. Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Bisnis (JEKOMBIS), 3(2), 28–39. https://ejurnal.politeknikpratama.ac.id/index.php/jekombis/article/view/3470%0Ahttps://ejurnal.politeknikpratama.ac.id/index.php/jekombis/article/download/3470/3216
Wayan, N., Purnama, D., Pande, P., Dewi, R. A., Ngurah, I. G., & Ariwangsa, O. (2025). Pengaruh Likuiditas Dan Risiko Kredit Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perbankan (Studi Kasus Pada Sektor Perbankan Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia). 5, 1729–1742.
Widyasari, N. M., & Yadnyana, K. (2021). Pengungkapan Corporate Social Responsibility dan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Perbankan. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 31(7), 1655. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i07.p04
Wulandari, B., Sianturi, N. G., Hasibuan, N. T. E., Ginting, I. T. A., & Simanullang, A. (2020). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Manajemen Aset, Perputaran Kas dan Struktur Modal terhadap Kinerja Keuangan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Owner, 4(1), 176. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v4i1.186
Yulianti, S., & Ramli, R. (2025). Pengaruh Green Investment dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Financial Performance yang dimoderasi oleh Ownership Concentration ( Studi Pada Perusahaan Indeks SRI-KEHATI yang terdaftar di BEI Periode 2019-2023 ). 15(1).
Zhao, H., Jiao, Z., Wang, J., & Kamar, A. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and firm liquidity risk: U.S. evidence. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(22), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212894