JK (Jurnal Kesehatan), E-ISSN 2987-9655 menekankan pada penyampaian hasil penelitian ilmiah dan kajian literatur di bidang kesehatan secara umum.
ASPEK HUKUM KESEHATAN MENTAL DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA: LITERATURE REVIEW TENTANG HAK TERSANGKA DAN TERPIDANA DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA
This article discusses the legal aspects of mental health within the criminal justice system, focusing on the rights of suspects and convicted persons with mental disorders. This study is motivated by the importance of legal protection for individuals with mental disorders who are involved in criminal proceedings, whether at the investigation stage, during trial, or whilst serving a prison sentence. This research employs a literature review method, examining various scientific sources, legislation and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that suspects with mental disorders are entitled to a mental health assessment, legal aid, humane treatment, and legal proceedings that take their psychological capacity into account. Meanwhile, convicted persons with mental disorders are entitled to mental health services, appropriate care, suitable rehabilitation, and protection from discrimination within correctional institutions. However, the implementation of these protections still faces various obstacles, such as a lack of facilities, specialist staff, and inter-agency coordination. Therefore, a more humane and human rights-based legal approach is required so that the criminal justice system can provide fair protection for this vulnerable group.
REGULASI PRODUK FARMASI DAN SUPLEMEN KESEHATAN BERBASIS HERBAL: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA TERHADAP PERAN BPOM DAN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Herbal-based pharmaceutical products and health supplements are increasingly in demand amongst the public as they are considered more natural and safer. However, the rise in the consumption of herbal products is also accompanied by various risks, such as the circulation of illegal products, exaggerated claims of benefits, incorrect labelling, and the potential presence of pharmaceutical chemicals. This article aims to review the regulation of herbal-based pharmaceutical products and health supplements in Indonesia, focusing on the role of the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) and consumer protection. The method employed was a literature review, examining scientific literature, legislation, and official sources relating to the supervision of herbal products. The results of the review indicate that the BPOM plays a central role in pre-market and post-market supervision, including registration, labelling, distribution oversight, and enforcement against products that breach regulations. On the other hand, consumer protection requires legal certainty, accurate information and guarantees of product safety for the public. Consequently, strengthening regulation, supervision and consumer education are crucial steps towards ensuring the safe, high-quality and responsible use of herbal products.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KESEHATAN MENTAL MAHASISWA DI LINGKUNGAN PERGURUAN TINGGI ISLAM
Students’ mental health is a pressing public health issue, particularly within Islamic higher education institutions, which have distinctive academic, social and religious dynamics. This study aims to analyse the influence of stress, anxiety and social support on the mental health of students at the Al-Gazali Soppeng Islamic College (STAI). The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design using a Likert-scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, involving 53 active students from five study programmes. Data were analysed using Spearman’s rho correlation and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that stress, anxiety and social support simultaneously have a significant effect on mental health (F = 10.363; p = 0.000), accounting for 38.8 per cent of the variance (R2 = 0.388). Partially, social support was the most dominant positive predictor (Beta = 0.396; p = 0.001), whilst anxiety had a significant negative effect (Beta = -0.296; p = 0.018); stress had no significant effect after controlling for the other two variables. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening social support based on the Islamic campus community and academic anxiety management programmes as promotive-preventive measures to safeguard students’ mental health.
KERANGKA HUKUM KESEHATAN KERJA DI SEKTOR INFORMAL: KAJIAN KOMPARATIF INDONESIA DAN NEGARA ASEAN
This study examines the legal framework for occupational health in the informal sector in Indonesia through a comparative analysis with several ASEAN countries. The informal sector is characterised by flexible and dispersed working arrangements and often falls outside the scope of formal labour inspection, leaving workers in this sector vulnerable to workplace accidents and work-related illnesses. In Indonesia, occupational health protection for informal workers is already enshrined in law through the constitution, health legislation, and technical policies such as the Occupational Health Service Posts (Pos UKK). However, its implementation still faces challenges in the form of limited oversight, poor access to services, and weak cross-sectoral integration. Through a comparison with other ASEAN countries, this study demonstrates that protection for informal workers is more effective when supported by an approach that is simple, participatory, community-based and integrated into national policy. The findings of this study emphasise that strengthening the legal framework must be accompanied by context-specific implementation strategies to ensure that occupational health protection for informal workers can be delivered more effectively and sustainably.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PASIEN DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DIGITAL: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS TERHADAP REGULASI TELEMEDISIN DI INDONESIA
The development of telemedicine in Indonesia has brought significant transformation to digital healthcare services, yet raises concerns about legal protection for patients. This study aims to analyze patient legal protection in digital healthcare services through a systematic review of telemedicine regulations in Indonesia. The research method employed is a literature review with a normative juridical approach, using primary legal materials (Permenkes No. 20 of 2019, UU No. 17 of 2023, UU No. 27 of 2022), secondary materials (journals, books, articles), and tertiary materials as data sources. The results show that Indonesia's telemedicine regulatory framework has provided a legal basis for protecting patient rights, including the right to accurate information, personal data protection, quality service standards, and the right to claim compensation. However, implementation of these regulations still faces challenges such as regulatory fragmentation that has not been fully harmonized, regulatory gaps for direct-to-patient telemedicine, low compliance of commercial platforms, minimal oversight, and insufficient legal literacy. Legal liability in telemedicine encompasses three forms: civil, criminal, and administrative, with dispute resolution mechanisms through litigation and non-litigation pathways. Regulatory harmonization, development of more detailed technical regulations, strengthened oversight, and improved legal literacy are needed to ensure optimal legal protection for patients in Indonesia's telemedicine ecosystem.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA TENAGA KESEHATAN DALAM KASUS MALPRAKTIK MEDIS: STUDI LITERATUR YURISPRUDENSI INDONESIA
This study examines the criminal liability of healthcare professionals in cases of medical malpractice, using a literature review of Indonesian case law. The focus of the study is on the concept of criminal liability, its legal basis, and the patterns of judicial reasoning in ruling on medical malpractice cases. The method employed is normative legal research through a review of primary, secondary and tertiary legal sources, including legislation, health law literature and relevant court rulings. The findings indicate that criminal liability for healthcare professionals can only be imposed if the following elements are proven: fault, a deviation from professional standards, a causal link, and a result that causes harm to the patient. Indonesian case law shows that judges tend to exercise caution in distinguishing between medical risk, medical negligence and malpractice; consequently, criminal penalties are only imposed where there is a serious breach for which legal liability can be established. This study emphasises the importance of striking a balance between patient protection and legal certainty for healthcare professionals in order to achieve a fair and accountable healthcare system.
DUALISME TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM BPJS KESEHATAN DAN BPJS KETENAGAKERJAAN DALAM KASUS KECELAKAAN KERJA: TINJAUAN HUKUM PIDANA DAN PERDATA ATAS KETIDAKJELASAN PENJAMINAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
This study analyses the dualism of legal responsibility between BPJS Kesehatan and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in cases of workplace accidents, focusing on the lack of clarity regarding the provision of healthcare services and its implications from the perspectives of criminal and civil law. This issue arises because, in theory, workplace accidents are covered by the Workplace Accident Insurance scheme administered by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan; however, in the practice of healthcare provision, situations frequently arise where the status of a workplace accident is still merely a presumption, meaning that initial coverage may involve BPJS Kesehatan. This study employs a normative legal methodology using a legislative approach, a conceptual approach, and a literature review of relevant legislation, legal doctrine, academic articles, and institutional sources. The findings indicate that this lack of clarity regarding coverage not only gives rise to administrative issues but also has the potential to hinder patients’ access to prompt and appropriate medical care, whilst also giving rise to legal liability for hospitals, insurers and, in certain circumstances, employers. In the civil sphere, such ambiguity may constitute grounds for a claim for tort if it results in material or non-material loss to the patient. In the criminal sphere, liability may arise where gross negligence leads to serious injury or death due to a delay in healthcare provision. This study emphasises that the dualism in legal liability stems from a lack of synchronisation between the norms and procedures of different social security providers. Therefore, regulatory harmonisation, the integration of social security systems, and certainty regarding case-handling mechanisms from the earliest stages of service provision are required to ensure that workers’ rights to health and occupational safety protection are effectively guaranteed.
KEBIJAKAN BPJS KESEHATAN DALAM PENJAMINAN BIAYA KECELAKAAN LALU LINTAS TUNGGAL: ANALISIS HUKUM PERDATA ATAS BATASAN TANGGUNG JAWAB DAN SYARAT LAPORAN POLISI
This article analyses BPJS Kesehatan’s policy on the coverage of costs arising from single-vehicle road traffic accidents, focusing on the limits of liability and the requirement for a police report from a civil law perspective. This study is important because, in practice, the coverage of single-vehicle accidents often gives rise to legal and administrative issues, particularly regarding active membership status, accident classification, relationships with other insurers, and the obligation to submit a police report as the basis for claim verification. Normatively, BPJS Kesehatan provides health insurance within the framework of the National Social Security System and the provisions on Health Insurance set out in Presidential Regulation No. 82 of 2018 and its amendments, whilst the practice of accident coverage indicates that victims of single-vehicle road traffic accidents are, in principle, eligible for coverage provided they meet certain conditions, including that the accident is not a work-related accident and that they are not covered under another insurer’s scheme. This study employs a literature review method using a normative legal approach. The results of the analysis indicate that BPJS Kesehatan’s liability in single-vehicle accidents is limited and conditional, rather than absolute, as it depends on the participant’s active status, the type of accident, and the outcome of administrative verification. In this context, the police report plays a crucial role as an initial verification tool for determining the chronology, cause and classification of the accident, whilst also establishing the authorised insurer responsible for covering the costs of healthcare services. From a civil law perspective, the requirement for a police report can be justified as an instrument of administrative evidence and legal certainty; however, its application must be proportionate so as not to become an obstacle to participants’ rights to access healthcare services. This article emphasises that BPJS Kesehatan’s policies must be implemented with a balance between legal certainty, participant protection and administrative efficiency, so that the objectives of social security in the health sector are achieved.
SANKSI PIDANA DAN GANTI RUGI PERDA DALAM KASUS PENYEBARAN PENYAKIT MENULAR AKIBAT PELANGGARAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN: STUDI KATASTROPI PANDEMI DAN REGULASI PASCA-COVID-19
This article examines criminal penalties and compensation under Local Regulations (Perda) for cases of the spread of infectious diseases resulting from violations of health protocols, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study and post-COVID-19 regulations as a framework for normative evaluation. This study aims to analyze the basis for establishing criminal sanctions in Perda, examine the possibility of awarding damages to victims of transmission, and assess the direction of local regulatory reform following the pandemic. The method used is a literature review employing a descriptive qualitative approach through an examination of legislation, legal literature, and scientific sources relevant to health law, criminal law, and civil liability. The results of the study indicate that criminal sanctions in local regulations serve as a coercive instrument to ensure compliance with health protocols, particularly when violations pose a real threat to public safety; however, their effectiveness is largely determined by the clarity of the norms, the proportionality of the sanctions, and the consistency of enforcement. This study also found that provisions for compensation remain weak in many local regulations, even though victims of transmission may suffer medical, economic, and social losses that require clearer mechanisms for redress. In the post-COVID-19 context, local regulations need to be reformulated so that they not only emphasize punishment but also integrate prevention, compensation, and legal preparedness for future outbreaks.
ROLE OF PREOPERATIVE ENDOVASCULAR EMBOLIZATION PRIOR TO MICROSURGICAL RESECTION IN ADULT UNRUPTURED SPETZLER–MARTIN GRADE II–III INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Unruptured Spetzler–Martin (SM) grade II–III brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) sit at the inflection point of management decisions: they are common enough to be encountered in everyday neurosurgical practice, yet diverse enough that the optimal treatment combination remains contested. Microsurgical resection is the only modality reliably producing immediate and complete obliteration, but adjunctive preoperative endovascular embolization (PE) has become routine in many centers, even though high-level evidence of clinical benefit is lacking. Objective: To synthesize contemporary literature on the indications, techniques, efficacy, and complications of PE prior to microsurgical resection in adult unruptured SM grade II–III bAVMs, with particular attention to the heterogeneity within the SM grade III category and to embolic-agent–related considerations. Findings: PE reliably reduces nidal blood flow and intraoperative blood loss but has not been shown in pooled analyses to improve obliteration rates or functional outcomes in unselected low- to intermediate-grade lesions. In SM grade II AVMs, surgery alone produces excellent results in most series and PE is generally unnecessary except for targeted vascular features. In SM grade III AVMs—a heterogeneous category better stratified by Lawton’s modification and by the Lawton–Young supplementary score—PE appears most useful for large lesions, deep perforator supply, and surgically inaccessible feeders. Onyx and other ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers have largely supplanted N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for preoperative use in many centers, although evidence of clinical superiority is mixed. Embolization-related morbidity (transient or permanent neurological deficit in roughly 6–11%, hemorrhagic complication 2–6%) must be weighed against an annual rupture risk in unruptured AVMs that recent MARS data place around 1.4% per year. Conclusion: PE before microsurgery in unruptured SM grade II–III AVMs should be individualized rather than routine. It is most defensible for SM grade III lesions with high-flow, deep, or inaccessible feeders and least defensible for compact SM grade II lesions with superficial feeders. Decisions must be made in experienced multidisciplinary centers, recognizing that the cumulative morbidity of multi-modality treatment can equal or exceed that of well-selected surgery alone.
KEJAHATAN KESEHATAN DI ERA DIGITAL: TINJAUAN HUKUM PIDANA DAN PERDATA ATAS PENYALAHGUNAAN DATA PASIEN DAN TELEMEDISIN YANG TIDAK TERSTANDAR
The digitalisation of healthcare services in Indonesia has accelerated significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic, with telemedicine emerging as the primary solution for providing remote access to healthcare. This digital transformation has brought about innovations in healthcare delivery systems that have improved the quality of public services, but has also given rise to new risks of healthcare-related crime, such as the misuse of patient data and non-standardised telemedicine practices. This study employs a normative legal approach using a literature review method to analyse the forms of criminal and civil liability for these two legal issues. The findings indicate that the misuse of patient data constitutes a healthcare offence requiring a comprehensive criminal law approach based on Law No. 27 of 2022 on the Protection of Personal Data and the ITE Law, with criminal penalties of up to 8 years’ imprisonment and/or a fine of up to Rp800 million for unauthorised access. Unstandardised telemedicine gives rise to civil liability under Article 1365 of the Civil Code (unlawful acts) and Article 1243 of the Civil Code (breach of contract) when it results in misdiagnosis or inadequate treatment. The interconnection between criminal and civil aspects demonstrates that digital healthcare offences are complex crimes requiring dual law enforcement. Regulatory weaknesses are evident in the absence of technology legislation that explicitly governs telehealth and the lack of comprehensive data protection regulations. There is a need to strengthen regulations on telemedicine service standards, enhance the security of health data systems, oversee digital health platforms, and educate healthcare professionals and the public to reinforce the ecosystem of personal data protection and legal certainty in digital healthcare services.
the Personal Data Protection Act (PDP Act)
the Electronic Information and Transactions Act (ITE Act)
TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM PIDANA DAN PERDATA DOKTER DALAM KASUS MALPRAKTIK MEDIS: ANALISIS KOMPARATIF YURISPRUDENSI PENGADILAN DI INDONESIA
Cases of medical malpractice in Indonesia have shown a significant increase, with 51 complaints recorded between 2023 and 2025, creating a crisis of confidence in the healthcare sector and necessitating the resolution of disputes through both criminal and civil proceedings. This study aims to analyse the differences and similarities in court case law regarding medical malpractice cases, particularly in relation to the criminal and civil legal liability of doctors. The research method employed a literature review using a juridical-normative approach, analysing legislation such as Law No. 29 of 2004 on Medical Practice and Law No. 36 of 2009 on Health, as well as court rulings from District Courts up to the Supreme Court that constitute case law. The research findings indicate that criminal and civil liability differ fundamentally in terms of their objectives, standards of proof and the implications of a verdict, with civil proceedings having a higher success rate of 65–70 per cent compared to criminal proceedings at 40–45 per cent, due to a more lenient standard of proof. Key determining factors in both pathways include breaches of professional standards—which can be substantiated through expert opinions from the Indonesian Medical Commission—a strong causal link between the doctor’s actions and the patient’s harm, and the presence of an element of negligence on the part of the doctor. Civil compensation amounts to Rp2–5 billion for cases of permanent disability, whilst criminal sentences consist of 1–3 years’ imprisonment and the revocation of the doctor’s practising licence for 3–5 years. This study highlights the importance of comprehensive medical documentation, adherence to professional standards, and professional indemnity insurance to protect doctors from the risk of legal liability.
DAMPAK INTERNET ADDICTION TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL GENERASI Z
Internet addiction has become a growing concern in the digital era, particularly among Generation Z, who have grown up with technology. This phenomenon is not only occurring in Indonesia, but has also spread across nearly the entire world. Uncontrolled internet use can have serious impacts on adolescents’ mental health. This study aims to explore the effects of internet addiction on four aspects of mental health: self-awareness, self-acceptance, adaptability, and meaning in life. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research involved 20 Generation Z participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and screentime documentation, then analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicate that internet addiction reduces self-awareness, as evidenced by difficulties in recognizing personal emotions and needs, along with impulsive thinking patterns. In terms of self-acceptance, individuals tend to feel pressured and often compare themselves to others on social media, leading to feelings of inferiority. Although some are able to adapt to technological advancements, excessive internet use tends to blur their sense of life purpose. This study highlights the importance of early gadget use regulation by parents and teachers to prevent internet addiction and safeguard the mental health of the younger generation.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS JAMBU BIJI DAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI DESA TUNJUK KECAMATAN TABANAN
Iron supplementation (iron tablets) is a key strategy for preventing anemia among adolescent girls; however, iron absorption is influenced by several factors, including vitamin C intake. Guava juice is rich in vitamin C and has the potential to enhance iron absorption. This study aimed to examine the effect of iron tablet supplementation combined with guava juice on hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls. This study used a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with control group approach. A total of 40 adolescent girls were divided into two groups: a treatment group that received iron tablets with guava juice and a control group that received iron tablets with mineral water. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after the intervention. The results showed that the mean hemoglobin level in the treatment group increased from 12.915 g/dL to 14.510 g/dL, while in the control group it increased from 13.770 g/dL to 13.905 g/dL. Paired sample t-test analysis indicated significant increases in both groups (treatment p = 0.000; control p = 0.039). Independent sample t-test results revealed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.024). In conclusion, iron supplementation combined with guava juice is more effective in improving hemoglobin levels than iron supplementation with mineral water.
MANFAAT SKRINING KESEHATAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN DETEKSI DINI PENYAKIT DI RUMAH SAKIT MATA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Skrining kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mendeteksi dini berbagai kondisi kesehatan pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat skrining kesehatan dalam meningkatkan deteksi dini penyakit di Rumah Sakit Mata Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan skrining kesehatan membantu tenaga kesehatan dalam mengetahui kondisi pasien secara lebih awal, seperti tekanan darah, gula darah, gangguan penglihatan, dan keluhan kesehatan lainnya sehingga penanganan dapat dilakukan lebih cepat. Selain itu, skrining kesehatan juga meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin. Dengan demikian, skrining kesehatan memberikan manfaat dalam mendukung pelayanan kesehatan dan deteksi dini penyakit pada masyarakat.
PERAN KOLEGIUM BERDASARKAN UU NO.17 TAHUN 2023
Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health revolutionises the management of the Indonesian health professions through the introduction of the College as an independent body of health science experts and an auxiliary body of the Council (Article 1(106), Article 272), aiming to improve the quality of medical and health personnel through competency standards, training curricula, and the development of evidence-based branches of science. This normative literature review analyses two main topics: first, the legal status of the College as a semi-autonomous entity under the President, distinct from conventional professional organisations, supported by Constitutional Court Decision No. 111/PUU-XXII/2024 and the Supreme Court; secondly, the implications and dynamics of its implementation, including transitional controversies, synergy with the Indonesian Health Council, and challenges posed by secondary regulations such as Ministry of Health Regulation No. 12 of 2024. The findings confirm that the College strengthens good governance in health through scientific independence, although harmonisation of regulations is required for optimal implementation to support national resilience and equitable service delivery.
ASPEK HUKUM BERKEADILAN DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN SECARA BERJENJANG DENGAN PEMBIAYAAN BPJS
This study examines the aspect of equitable justice in the tiered health care services provided by BPJS from a normative legal perspective through a comprehensive literature review. The main findings indicate that the strong constitutional foundation (1945 Constitution, Articles 28H and 34; SJSN Law No. 40 of 2004; BPJS Law No. 24 of 2011; Ministry of Health Regulation No. 16/2024) is undermined by discriminatory practices in Class 3 facilities, delays in emergency referrals, a ban on self-referrals, disparities in rural primary health care facilities (FKTP), and weak sanctions against partner hospitals. JKN financing via premiums from the PBI-APBN segment, salary-based PPU, fixed PBPU, and cross-subsidy mutual aid faces a deficit of Rp30 trillion (2026) due to a 111% claim ratio, moral hazard, and fraud, leading to delayed hospital claims and a decline in service quality for the poor. The study recommends strict regulatory oversight, real-time digital referral systems, progressive premiums, anti-fraud capitation, and benchmarking Thailand’s UCS for a Rawlsian-style inclusive JKN that provides protection.
primary care (FKTP) to tertiary care (FKRTL) referrals
PERAN DAN FUNGSI KOMITE ETIK DI RUMAH SAKIT
This article analyses the role and functions of the Hospital Ethics Committee (KERS) as a key pillar of ethical governance in Indonesia’s healthcare system, based on Ministry of Health Regulation No. 42 of 2018, the KODERSI PERSI code of ethics, and national and international journals and books. The role of the KERS is holistic, encompassing that of an educator through bioethics training, a consultant on clinical dilemmas, a monitor of code of conduct compliance, a mediator in disputes, and a policymaker for end-of-life guidelines, whilst its main functions include the management of ethical data, the dissemination of guidelines, the prevention of violations, monitoring and evaluation, and the recommendation of restorative sanctions to the director. The study revealed challenges such as limited independence and human resource constraints; however, KERS’s contributions have been shown to improve service quality, reduce patient complaints, and support KARS accreditation through a preventive-educational approach. Practical implications: hospitals need to strengthen the KERS structure through regular training and digitalisation to ensure a sustainable, humanistic healthcare system.
Ministry of Health Regulation No. 42/2018
Bioethics in public health provides a normative framework that guides health policies, programmes and practices to ensure they are not only technically effective, but also fair, humane and respectful of the rights and dignity of individuals and communities. The application of bioethical principles—autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—demonstrates that public health interventions must balance collective interests with respect for the freedom and justice of every member of society. In the Indonesian context, these ethical dimensions are particularly important given the expansion of health programmes, the digitisation of data, and the emergence of issues such as pandemics and socio-economic inequalities. This literature review examines the concepts and principles of bioethics in public health, as well as their implementation in public health policies, programmes, and practices, including the challenges and recommendations for improvement. The findings highlight the need to strengthen regulations, ethics committees, bioethics education, and community participation to ensure that health development proceeds in an ethical, transparent, and equitable manner.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR SOSIODEMOGRAFI DENGAN KEJADIAN GIZI KURANG (UNDERWEIGHT) PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH PESISIR PANTAI NIPAH
Background: Underweight or insufficient nutrition is a nutritional issue in toddlers that can be detected earlier than stunting and wasting. Early growth disturbances in children are characterized by weight faltering, where the weight does not increase according to standards. If left unaddressed, it can lead to underweight, progress to wasting, and eventually result in stunting. Sociodemographic factors can influence the occurrence of underweight, encompassing educational levels of parents, parental knowledge, family size, and family income. Objective: To determine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the incidence of underweight among toddlers in the Nipah Coastal Area. Method: This research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The study population consists of all parents with toddlers in the Nipah Coastal Area, North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Cluster random sampling was used to select the sample. The significance level was set at a p-value of <0.05. Results: The study indicates that there is no significant relationship between the father's educational level (p-value = 0.794), mother's educational level (p-value = 0.686), and family income (p-value = 0.528) with the occurrence of underweight. However, there is a significant relationship between parental knowledge level (p-value = 0.000) and family size (p-value = 0.001) with the occurrence of underweight. Conclusion: Based on the statistical tests conducted, there is a relationship between parental knowledge level, and family size with the incidence of underweight in toddlers in the Nipah Coastal Area. Meanwhile, no relationship was found between the father's educational level, mother's educational level, and family income with the occurrence of underweight in toddlers in the Nipah Coastal Area.
INTEGRASI TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KESEHATAN DI ERA MODERN
The systematic and purposeful use of various digital technology tools, applications, and platforms to improve the eflectiveness, accessibility, and quality of education and training in the health sector, tailored to the needs and challenges of the current digital era. The research method in this study uses the literature research method. The results show that the integration of digital technology in health learning has great potential to improve the quality of education, although there are still challenges that need to be overcome. It is important to continue to conduct research and evaluation to ensure the eflectiveness and appropriateness of using technology in specific health education contexts.
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DI STIKES GUNUNG SARI
Background: Limited job availability for higher education graduates necessitates the strengthening of the entrepreneurship sector, including in nursing. Nursing students hold strategic potential to initiate healthcare innovations through the nursepreneur concept, yet their interest is influenced by various internal and external factors that require in-depth understanding. Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of attitude, family support, motivation, and knowledge level on entrepreneurial interest among nursing students at STIKES Gunung Sari. Methods: This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design involved 56 respondents selected via total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and statistically analyzed using the chi-square test at a significance level of α=0.05. Results: Findings indicate that personal attitude (p<0.05) and family support (p<0.05) have a significant correlation with high entrepreneurial interest. Conversely, motivation and knowledge level did not show a significant influence in this study. Conclusion: Positive attitudes and supportive family environments are the primary determinants shaping students' entrepreneurial intensity. Educational institutions are encouraged to practically integrate entrepreneurial values into the curriculum and involve families to build a supportive ecosystem for graduates' economic independence.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESPONSE TIME AND SERVICE QUALITY AT THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT OF LABUANG BAJI HOSPITAL, MAKASSAR
Background: Fast and appropriate service in the Emergency Department (ED) is a primary determinant of patient safety and hospital service quality. Delays in medical personnel's response time can have fatal consequences on a patient's clinical condition and reduce public trust in the quality of healthcare. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between response time and service quality in the ED of Labuang Baji Hospital, Makassar City, in 2026. Methods: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 83 respondents selected using the accidental sampling technique. Research instruments included observation sheets to measure response time and questionnaires to assess service quality. Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-Square test ($\alpha=0.05$). Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents received response times in the fast category (71.1%) and rated service quality in the good category (62.7%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between response time and service quality with a p-value = 0.000 ($p<0.05$). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between nurse response time and service quality in the ED of Labuang Baji Hospital. The faster the response time provided by medical personnel, the higher the patient's perception of the quality of service received.
SISTEMATIK LITERATUR REVIEW: PERAN BUDAYA DALAM INTERVENSI UNTUK DEPRESI POSTPARTUM DI BERBAGAI BENUA
Depresi postpartum (DPP) adalah masalah kesehatan mental yang serius dan merupakan isu global dengan prevalensi mencapai 17,22% di seluruh dunia. DPP berdampak signifikan pada kualitas hidup ibu dan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas intervensi DPP secara sistematis menggunakan metode PRISMA, mencakup data dari sumber publikasi seperti CrossRef, PubMed, Springer, dan Semantic Scholar, serta artikel yang tidak dapat diakses dicari melalui ResearchGate. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Terapi Perilaku Kognitif (CBT), terutama berbasis internet, efektif dalam mengatasi DPP, sementara intervensi yang dimulai selama kehamilan memberikan dampak positif pasca-melahirkan. Preferensi intervensi, seperti konseling interpersonal di Amerika, menyoroti pentingnya nuansa budaya. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan intervensi yang relevan secara budaya dan eksplorasi dampak jangka panjang dari intervensi selama kehamilan sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan strategi global dalam penanganan DPP.
Self-Care Membantu Kesehatan Mental Individu
Mental health has become an essential aspect of life, especially in the face of increasing life pressures. One approach that has gained popularity is self-care, which refers to activities individuals engage in to maintain their physical, emotional, and psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the impact of self-care on mental health, particularly in preventing emotional disorders. The research method used is a case study with a literature review approach, examining recent journals related to self-care and mental health. The results of the literature review show that activities such as meditation, exercise, and stress management are effective in reducing anxiety and depression, while improving psychological well-being. Additionally, social support, especially from family and friends, plays a crucial role in strengthening self-care behaviors. This study also reveals that young people, particularly students, need education and support to incorporate self-care into their daily lives. Based on the analysis of five relevant articles, it can be concluded that regular self-care practices can enhance mental health and prevent long-term psychological disorders. Therefore, self-care is an effective strategy for maintaining individual well-being.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEMONSTRASI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN KETERAMPILAN CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN (CTPS) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DIARE SISWA SDN 022BALIKPAPAN
Backgorund : According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 100 thousand children die from diarrhea, 25.5% of deaths in children aged 4-11 years are caused by diarrhea. 40 to 60% of children's diarrhea is caused by rota virus contamination by not washing their hands. WHO states that washing hands with soap can reduce diarrhea rates by up to 47% (WHO, 2018). Efforts to prevent diarrhea can be done by implementing the habit of washing hands with soap (CTPS) for elementary school age children. Objective : The main aim of this research is to determine the effect of health education using the demonstration method on CTPS knowledge, attitudes and skills among students at SDN 022 Balikpapan. Methods : This research uses a one group pretest-posttest design. The location of this research was SDN 022 Balikpapan. The respondents in this research were 29 students. Result : The results of this study show that there are differences in knowledge, attitudes and skills after being given the intervention with the Wilcoxon test p-value 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusion : So it can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the knowledge, attitudes and skills of respondents between before and after being given research intervention using the demonstration method.
BAGAIMANA GAMBARAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA INFEKSI SALUARAN PERNAFASAN AKUT (ISPA) TERHADAP PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT TK IV 01.07.01 PEMATANGSIANTAR PERIODE JANUARI-MARET TAHUN 2024
What is the description of use of antibiotics in acute respiratory infections (ARI) in outpatients at TK IV Hospital 01.07.01 Pematangsiantar for the period January-March 2024. Introduction;ISPA is a respiratory disease that attacks the upper respiratory and lower respiratory tract,starting from the nose to the lung sacs (alveoli). Method: descriptive research using a retrospective method carried out on past data, namely through medical records of adult ISPA patients. Results; This study shows the percentage results based on gender, the highest number of sufferers is 49 patients (51.04) female with the largest number of women with pneumonia, Namely as many as 28 ISPA patients (29.16 %) 29 use of antibiotics in ISPA patients due to administration of antibiotics.937 levofloxacin were freguently used amoxicillin 16 (66%) azhitromycin 36 patients (36.04 %) (amoxicillin),enterpenemav 17 (17.50) and 18 patients. The conclusion is that more female patients than men are affected by ISPA .the most common ISPA disease is pneumonia, starting at the age of 17-45 years. 500 patients (37.5%) use azitromiycine.
Meyana Marbun, Diyah Ayu Anggriani, Tri Sanjaya
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT EFARINA ETAHAM KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR PERIODE APRIL - JUNI TAHUN 2024
Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure of more than equal to 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of more than equal to 90 mmHg (Ministry of Health, 2021). Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) states that hypertension is one of the causes of premature death throughout the world. By 2020 around 1.56 billion adults will be living with hypertension. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that currently the global prevalence of hypertension is 22% of the world's total population. This study aims to broadcast the use of hypertension medication in patients at the Efarina Etaham Hospital, Pematangsiantar City for the period April- June 2024. Based on five indicators, namely the right indication, the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right duration of drug administration. create systematic, factual and accurate descriptions of images, or paintings regarding the facts, characteristics and relationships between the phenomena being marketed (Savira &Suharsono, 2019). This research was conducted on 80 medical records with a diagnosis of hypertension with or without comorbidities who received antihypertensive medication for the period April-June 2024. The results of the study showed that the appropriate evaluation of the use of antihypertensive medication was obtained, namely 100% correct indication, 100% correct patient, 100% correct medication. of 100% and the correct dose is 100%.
Meyana Marbun, Hekdin Marsius Sipayung, Jesita Pratiwi Siagian
PENGARUH MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK TERHADAP PENGETAHUN DAN SIKAP REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG ANEMIA
Background: Anemia is a condition where there is insufficient iron in the body, either from food or iron supplements. There is still a significant prevalence of anemia among teenage females in Indonesia. Since teenage females shed blood on a monthly basis, they are more likely to have anemia than young men. Objectives: The purpose of this research is to examine how health education on TikTok has influenced the understanding and perspective of teenage girls at SMA Negeri 4 Samarinda about anemia. Metodes: This research method uses quantitative with one-group pretest-posttest design. The population was 10th grade students with a sample of 66 people, which was obtained from the calculation using the Slovin formula. Data analysis used on knowledge and attitude variables using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of univariate analysis showed that most respondents were characterized by 15 years of age, included in the category of non-risky menstruation, and had never been exposed to information about anemia. On the results of knowledge identification, respondents with good knowledge at pretest were 30 students and at posttest were 65 students. Meanwhile, the results of attitude identification obtained respondents with good attitudes at pretest as many as 32 students and at posttest as many as 63 students. The ρ-value of 0,000 (ρ < 0,05) indicates that the use of TikTok social media for health education had an impact on the knowledge and attitudes of the respondents, according to the findings of the bivariate analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that teenage girls' knowledge and attitudes around anemia may be influenced by health education campaigns conducted on TikTok.
TINGKAT KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIDIABETES ORAL PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI UPTD PUSKESMAS TOMUAN KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR TAHUN 2024
The purpose of this study was to find out the description the level of adherence oral antidiabetic drug use in patiens outpatient treatment in UPTD Health center Tomuan City Pematangsiantar. The type of research used is an observational study using descriptive method.A total sampling technique is used with an amount 80 patients. The primary data collection instumen using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 items (MMAS-8) questionnaire to see compliance rate of diabetes mellitus patient. The result of the study found that the level of adherence in using oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with in UPTD Tomuan health center Tomuan City Pematangsiantar said to be Low Compliance 47.5%, which was said to be Medium Compliance 27.5% Medium Compliance, which was said to be High Compliance 25%. Because many patients forgot to take their medicine yesterday and when the patient left the house the patient also forgot to take the medicine. Thus, it can be said that more patients with a level of compliance with the use of oral antidiabetic drugs are categorized as "Low Compliance" compared to patients with a Medium Compliance level and patients with a High Compliance level.
Adherence Level Of Oral Antidiabetes Mediaction Usage
Meyana Marbun, Octavian Ashindo Nababan, Afriyanti Sihombing