PERKEMBANGAN REGULASI PERTAMBANGAN DAN EFEKTIVITASNYA DALAM PENGAWASAN LINGKUNGAN DI INDONESIA
Keywords:
Mining regulation, Environmental compliance, Law enforcement, Environmental governance, Indonesia, Literature study, Mining industryAbstract
This study aims to analyze the role of mining law regulations in environmental compliance enforcement in Indonesia through a systematic literature review. Although Indonesia has a relatively comprehensive regulatory framework covering licensing, EIA, reclamation, and post-mining, studies have shown that the effectiveness of these rules has not been fully reflected in practice. Inconsistency in implementation, weak supervisory capacity, and overlapping authority between levels of government are the main factors that hinder the success of environmental compliance enforcement. In addition, the compliance of mining companies is affected by a combination of regulatory and non-regulatory factors, including market pressures, international standards, and community participation. The results of the thematic analysis show that the issue of implementation is more dominant than the issue of regulatory substance. This research emphasizes the need to strengthen institutional capacity, harmonize regional central governance, and use of supervision technology as a strategic effort to increase the effectiveness of regulations and realize sustainable mining governance.
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References
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Watts, M. (2000). Political ecology. In J. Agnew & D. Livingstone (Eds.), The handbook of geographical knowledge (pp. 123–137). Blackwell.
Adams, M., & Ginting, L. (2020). Environmental governance of mining in Indonesia: Legal framework and implementation challenges. Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 42(2), 155–172.
Ayres, I., & Braithwaite, J. (1992). Responsive regulation: Transcending the deregulation debate. Oxford University Press.
Dashwood, H. S. (2012). The rise of global corporate social responsibility: Mining and the spread of global norms. Cambridge University Press.
Delmas, M. (2003). In search of ISO: An institutional perspective on the adoption of international environmental management standards. Management Science, 49(11), 1405–1420.
Gunningham, N., Kagan, R. A., & Thornton, D. (2003). Shades of green: Business, regulation, and environment. Stanford University Press.
Hilson, G. (2002). An overview of land use conflicts in mining communities. Land Use Policy, 19(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8377(01)00043-6
Muryani, C., Sunarto, S., & Rahmawati, D. (2019). Post-mining land reclamation and environmental management: Case studies from Indonesia. Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 17(3), 34–48.
Owen, J. R., & Kemp, D. (2013). Social and environmental impact assessment: Evaluating mining projects. Resources Policy, 38(2), 138–147.
Purnomo, H., & Anand, R. (2014). Governance challenges of mining in Indonesia under decentralization. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 55(2), 234–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12060
Resosudarmo, B. P., Tacconi, L., Sloan, S., & Potter, L. (2014). Indonesia’s land reform initiatives: The challenges of dealing with overlapping land claims. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 1(3), 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.36
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.
Watts, M. (2000). Political ecology. In J. Agnew & D. Livingstone (Eds.), The handbook of geographical knowledge (pp. 123–137). Blackwell.
